ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INCUBATION MANAGEMENT.

                    ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH  INCUBATION MANAGEMENT.

                                                                             BY

                                                                     Raheem Shefiu

                                    bestraheems@yahoo.com, +2348038509401.

                                  CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENUERSHIP DEVELOPMENT, CED,

                             YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, YABA, LAGOS.

                                                    ABSTRACT.

This paper examines incubation management as a veritable growth stimulus vitally needed by the emerging economies with emphasis on the business and technology incubators. It discusses the need for management incubation, incubation models, the goals of business incubation, best practices for incubation processes, students’ participation in the activities of the business incubator, characteristics of it’s managerial structure among others.

The term ‘Incubation’, with its etymological roots in the Latin word incubatio, which referred to a practice by the ancient Romans of carrying rudimentary ideas with them for developing them into visionary dreams over a period of time.

Incubators shared business services and equipment, technology support services, and assistance in obtaining financing necessary for company growth. It is recognized as a way of meeting a variety of economic and socio-economic policy needs which can include: Employment and wealth creation, support for small firms with high growth potential, Transfer of technology, Promoting innovation , Enhancing links between universities, research institutions and the business community, Industry cluster development and assessment of a company’s risk profile

   Business incubators accelerate the successful development of entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services. It’s main goal is to produce successful firms that leave the program financially viable and freestanding. These incubator graduates have the potential to create jobs and wealth, revitalize neighborhoods, commercialize new technologies and strengthen local and national economies. Technology Incubators bring about the development of technology-based firms. These are mainly located at or near universities / polytechnics and science and technology parks.

Given the multitude of challenges being faced by entrepreneurs in emerging economies, there is a strong case for fostering incubation systems. The mentoring and business assistance provided by incubators are especially useful to individuals who are not part of business communities and/or do not enjoy support from families. Established businesses and promotional organizations associated with incubators would provide the latter’s clients with the much needed know-how available in such networks.

  KEYWORDS: Economic growth, Entrepreneurship, Business start – ups, Incubation                         

                         management, Technology transfer and  Job creation,

URBANISATION, RURAL – URBAN MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT.

URBANISATION,  RURAL – URBAN MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT.

BY

RAHEEM SHEFIU

                                               ABSTRACT

Given the tremendous explosions of urban settlements and the decadence of rural areas during the past two or three decades, the myth, reality and hope of a sustainable human settlement pattern seem to have been unraveled by the two UN Habitat Conferences of 1976 and 1996.  Even though the wide range, tempting and unresolved human settlement issues have for long been grappled with by the public policies, solutions to the problems have continued to remain a mystery.

  An urban centre is an agglomeration of people that are organized around non-agricultural activities, and urban growth is the rate of growth of an urban population. While urbanization is defined as the agglomeration of people in relatively large number at a particular spot of the earth surface. Urbanization in Nigeria and other developing countries has been very alarming over the past ten (10) years. This is as a result of high rate of rural-urban drift, which has resulted to various problems like, unemployment, poverty, floods, squatter settlements, pollution (land, air, noise, water and visual), slums, overpopulation, traffic congestion, crimes, and food insecurity inter alia. There is high rural-urban drift in Nigeria because of the inequalities, in terms of infrastructural facilities, services, social amenities and heterogeneity economic activities in favor of urban centers

While considerable attention and resources have been focused and expanded to improve the deteriorating condition of rural settlements with a view to alleviating poverty and reducing the spate or provocation of rural-urban migration, it is gratifying to note that even urban settlements are seriously hit by the plague of poverty, principally amongst the hitherto wage-earning class which has practically regressed from proletarians to peasant-proletarians.  Thus, the reverse of the spiral of rural-urban migration has become the emerging trends and salient phenomenon in almost all the under developed economies.

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Key Words: , Urbanization ,Rural –Urban Migration, Urban Unemployment, Growth,  Inequalities, , Sustainable Development .

 

           

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT

BY

RAHEEM SHEFIU

                                                          ABSTRACT

Agriculture is vital for the development goals of promoting growth and reducing poverty

in Africa  The role of agriculture as an instrument for industrialization had been rigorously conceptualized in the 1960s and 1970s under the classical paradigm of development economics. Agriculture supports the livelihoods of 80 percent of the African population, provides employment for about 60 percent of the economically active population, and for about 70 percent  of the poorest people on the continent. The global financial and food crises have brought agriculture into sharp focus, demonstrating that poverty and food insecurity go hand in hand.  After many implementation failures under import substitution industrialization policies and protracted neglect of agriculture under the policies of the Washington Consensus that followed the debt crisis, agriculture has gradually returned in the development agenda, especially with the food crisis. Agricultural growth is a proven driver of poverty reduction. When agriculture stimulates growth

in Africa, the growth is twice as effective in reducing poverty as growth based in other sectors.

In China, agriculture-based growth is 3.5 times more effective in reducing poverty than growth

based on other sectors. In Latin America, the effectiveness is 2.7 times. Agricultural growth

also means more production of food, and greater food security.

 

Keywords: Agriculture; Poverty Alleviation, Industrialization; Economic Growth, Development;

EASING THE DISEASE OF POVERTY IN NIGERIA

                                          EASING THE DISEASE OF POVERTY IN NIGERIA

                                                                       BY

                                                         RAHEEM, SHEFIU

                                                bestraheems@yahoo.com, 2348038509401

                                   CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENUERSHIP DEVELOPMENT, CE D,

                                             YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, YABA, LAGOS.

                                                     ABSTRACT

This paper examines the issue of poverty in Nigeria, its causes, previous attempts made by past and present administrations aimed at taming the monster coupled with the way forward for the country. ). Poverty itself is as old as the whole world. One of the Holy Scriptures even stated that the poor shall never seize in your midst.

 Poverty is a devil   it stirs a lot of misgiving. This is because it has a very devastating influence on its victims. It reduces the social and psychological prestige of its victims. Poverty is a condition of being poor. The quest to eradicate poverty has been identified as the most critical challenge facing development in the world today. Women and children are disproportionately affected by poverty.

 Poverty has been a serious challenge to governments in Nigeria. Its effect, which

includes lack and deprivation in the basic necessities of life, is worrisome. Poverty humiliates

and dehumanizes its victim . Nigeria is Africa’s most populous nation. It is also one of the poorest countries in the world. Rapid progress in reducing poverty in Nigeria is dependent upon improved access to basic services, particularly health and education. If Nigeria fails to reduce poverty quickly enough, it is unlikely that the Millennium Development Goals will be achieved in Africa or globally.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are targeted at eradicating extreme hunger and poverty in the 189 member countries of the United Nations (UN). Nigeria as a member of the United Nation keyed into the implementation of the framework of the goals by formulating the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), NEEDS as a policy is targeted at eradicating poverty and bringing about sustainable development. This is done through the establishment of Agencies like the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP). However, the scourge of poverty is till been felt by the majority of the citizens of the country who do not have access to primary health care, water and food.

  Unemployment, corruption, non-diversification of the economy, income inequality, laziness, and a poor education system can be considered to be some of the key factors contributing to poverty in Nigeria.

 Poverty prevention is more dependent on education than on any other factor, as is escape from poverty. Education is the primary means by which people can lift themselves out of poverty, yet the amount spent on education targeting low-income children falls far short of the need.

KEYWORDS: Poverty and it’s causes; Alleviation programmes; Job Creation and   Economic  empowerment